Preheat the oven to 325 ºF (165 °C). Prepare a 10-cup (2.4 L) bundt pan by evenly greasing the inside with a solid fat like shortening or butter, then dust with flour, OR you can spray the inside with a baking spray like Baker's Joy (NOT cooking spray). Set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, cinnamon, baking powder, baking soda, salt, nutmeg, and cloves. Set aside.
In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, cream together the butter, brown sugar and granulated sugar for at least 5 minutes, until the mixture is light and fluffy. Scrape down the bowl with a spatula.
Add the eggs, one at a time, mixing each one in very well before adding the next.
Add the vanilla extract and the sour cream, and mix them in for another minute.
Add the dry ingredients, half at a time, mixing on low to incorporate it without overmixing.
When the flour has almost disappeared into the batter, take the mixer bowl off the stand and remove the paddle. Switch to a spatula.
Drop in the chopped apples and fold them in with the spatula, making sure that the ingredients are evenly mixed, lifting the batter up from the bottom to ensure there's no flour hidden down there.
Dollop the batter into the prepared pan, smoothing the surface with an offset spatula. Bang the pan a few times, or run a knife through the batter to make sure that there are no air pockets.
Bake the cake on the middle rack for 90 minutes, checking after 75 minutes to see how it's doing. Use a skewer to test if the cake is done or not, making sure to poke through cake, not apple. The skewer should come out clean when the cake is baked. The edges of the cake will be a deep golden brown colour, and the surface will feel firm and slowly bounce back when gently pressed with your fingertips.
Let the bundt cake cool in the pan for 15 minutes, then invert it onto a wire rack to cool completely, then transfer it to a serving plate.
Salted caramel glaze
Measure all your ingredients before beginning and have them ready. This is very important.
In a deep 3 quart saucepan, pour the apple juice (or the water), and then the sugar. Don’t stir it.
Bring the mixture to a boil over medium heat. If there’s sugar stuck on the sides of the pan, carefully brush it with a heat-resistant silicone brush dipped in a little water. Feel free to swirl the pan to give the mixture a stir, but when you set it back on the burner, brush the edges of the pan with water to dissolve the sugar crystals from the walls of the pot.
Once the sugar is completely dissolved and the mixture starts to bubble, you can increase the heat on the stove to medium–high, or you can leave it on medium. The only difference is that on medium, it will take longer for the mixture to caramelize.
Continue to boil the caramel until it turns amber in colour. As soon as the caramel has reached the desired colour, slide the pan off the heat, and turn the burner off.
Slowly and carefully drop in the cubed butter (it will bubble and erupt so be careful!). Pour in the cream, slowly and carefully.
When the bubbling has calmed down, begin to gently whisk the caramel until it is smooth and homogeneous.
Poor the salted caramel in a large jar and cover loosely. When the caramel has cooled to room temperature, you can tighten the lid and store it in the refrigerator. It will thicken even more in the fridge.
When the bundt has cooled completely, you can pour half the salted caramel glaze over the top of the cake and let it slowly trickle down the sides. Serve slices of the cake with the rest of the salted caramel.
Notes
I highly recommend watching the colour change closely to determine if your caramel has cooked enough, but if you want to check the temperature, aim for somewhere between 350°F and 360°F with a candy thermometer before adding the butter and cream.